Thirty Years War Essay -- History Euope War European Historical Essays

Thirty Years War Philip, Spanish major powers. Philip I (the Handsome), 1478-1506, queer of Castile (1506), was the son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy. He inherited Burgundy and the Low Countries from his m otherwise and was titular marijuana cigarette ruler of Castile with his wife, Joanna. but her father ruled these lands as his regent, so he contested (1504) Ferdinands regency and fabricated (1506) joint rule of Castile with his wife. Philips early devastation, however, and his wifes deteriorating mental condition allowed Ferdinand to resume joint control of Castile. The Low Countries passed to Philips son, who later became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Philip II, 1527-98, index of Spain (1556-98), king of Naples and Sicily (1554-98) and, as Philip I, king of Portugal (1580-98), centralized authority under his unequivocal monarchy and extended Spanish colonization to the present S United States and the Philippines (which were named after(prenomin al) him). From his father, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, he inherited Naples, Sicily, the Low Countries, and other territories. After the death of his first wife, Maria of Portugal, he married (1554) pouffe Mary I of England and drew that nation into his fathers struggle with France. Following Marys death (1558), he married Elizabeth of Valois and concluded the war with France in 1559. Philip used the search to repress the Moriscos and assure Spanish religious unity. He dealt with the Dutch anarchy in his Low Countries domain by reconquering the southern half of the country. side support of the rebels and their persistent attacks on Spanish ships led him to plan an encroachment of England by the Spanish Armada (1588), which was ignominiously defeated. Earlier, he succeeded in conquering Portugal (1580). notwithstanding his conquests and the influx of gold from America, the cumulative effects of depopulation, colonial overexpansion, and burdensome tax revenue debilitated Spain by the end of his reign (1598). Philip was a hardworking administrative official with a capacity for infinite detail, and though his administration was generally just, his bureaucratic absolutism inevitably created discontent. His court was at the Escorial. Philip III, 1578-1621, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily, and, as Philip II, king of Portugal (1598-1621), lacked the intelligence and capacity for work of his father, Philip II, and left the actual government to the duque de Ler... ... The dukedom of Wrttemberg al mavin had lost almost two thirds of its population from smart and disease, murder and killing. In 1618 it had 350,000 inhabitants, in 1648 just 120,000. The following examples come from the Mnsingen district and show the numbers of married couples and buildings before and after the war Married CouplesHouses and barnsCity of Mnsingen19196240157Apfelstetten56157429Auingen872511549Bttingen64148239Hundersingen453545Mehrstetten1322615668Mundingen48103523An heavy outcom e of the Peace of Westphalia was that now, along with Catholics and Lutherans, the Reformed were also tolerated. This was important for the Palatinate. For one part of the southwest, a peace of 150 years began. On the in-between Neckar, in the whole Upper Rhine area and especially in the Electorate os palatinum the wars waged by the French King Louis XIV from 1674 to 1714 caused further terrible destruction. France penetrated done acquired possessions in Alsace to the Rhine border. Switzerland separated from the German empire.